Multiple processes can use the Prosody API simultaneously. If two processes never use the same Prosody processor module, then they will be unaware of each other (unless, of course they interact through other shared resources, such as timeslots on the H.100 bus), because Prosody has no resources shared between modules.
If two processes do access the same module:
Settings on this list are private to each process, so the setting made by one process for a module does not affect the setting for other processes using the same module.
Note that all the above resources are kept in the API library, so, in addition to permitting different processes to have different configurations, it means that generally these items are only limited by the size of the application's memory.
Document reference: AN 1399